Semolina flour
This is the coarsely ground endosperm of durum wheat. Durum wheat is the hardest variety of the six classes of wheat and has the highest protein content of all wheat. Because of this, it’s ideal for making high-quality pasta and is used by both American and Italian manufacturers. It’s also used to make couscous in Africa and Latin America, as well as in the U.S. Durum wheat is rarely used to make bread
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Bread Flour
With a high protein content, bread flour is made from hard wheat and contains a greater amount of gluten than AP, which is made from softer wheat varieties. When worked by hand-kneading or processing with a dough hook in a stand mixer, the gluten is developed and contributes to a chewier consistency, which is desirable in artisan breads. It brings excellent structure to dough’s, making it the “underwire bra of the baking world,” says Reid. Bois prefers to use it just for extra-chewy baked goods, like pretzels and bagels, due to its dense and heavy texture
Bread Flour
With a high protein content, bread flour is made from hard wheat and contains a greater amount of gluten than AP, which is made from softer wheat varieties. When worked by hand-kneading or processing with a dough hook in a stand mixer, the gluten is developed and contributes to a chewier consistency, which is desirable in artisan breads. It brings excellent structure to dough’s, making it the “underwire bra of the baking world,” says Reid. Bois prefers to use it just for extra-chewy baked goods, like pretzels and bagels, due to its dense and heavy texture
Wheat Germ flour
Is the inner part (known as the heart) of the wheat kernel. It is very rich in vitamins and minerals and is often added to a variety of baked goods to improve their nutritional value. Because it contains oil, it is the component of whole wheat flour that makes it more susceptible to rancidity
Wheat Germ flour
Is the inner part (known as the heart) of the wheat kernel. It is very rich in vitamins and minerals and is often added to a variety of baked goods to improve their nutritional value. Because it contains oil, it is the component of whole wheat flour that makes it more susceptible to rancidity
Graham flour
This also is coarsely ground whole wheat flour. It is named after Dr. Sylvester Graham, the creator of the graham cracker, who advocated the use of whole wheat flour in the early 1800s
Graham flour
This also is coarsely ground whole wheat flour. It is named after Dr. Sylvester Graham, the creator of the graham cracker, who advocated the use of whole wheat flour in the early 1800s
All-purpose flour
White flour milled from hard wheat or a blend of hard and soft wheat. It gives the best results for a variety of products, including some yeast breads, quick breads, cakes, cookies, pastries and noodles. All-purpose flour is usually enriched and may be bleached or unbleached. Bleaching will not affect nutrient value. Different brands will vary in performance. Protein content varies from 8-11 percent
All-purpose flour
White flour milled from hard wheat or a blend of hard and soft wheat. It gives the best results for a variety of products, including some yeast breads, quick breads, cakes, cookies, pastries and noodles. All-purpose flour is usually enriched and may be bleached or unbleached. Bleaching will not affect nutrient value. Different brands will vary in performance. Protein content varies from 8-11 percent
00 Flour
Ground to extreme fineness, this flour is made from soft wheat varieties, and is frequently used in Italian pastas. The fineness of the grind makes 00 dough easy to roll to extreme thinness (necessary for pasta).
Best for: Pasta, very thin crusts.
Don’t use for: The grind is too fine for successful bread.
00 Flour
Ground to extreme fineness, this flour is made from soft wheat varieties, and is frequently used in Italian pastas. The fineness of the grind makes 00 dough easy to roll to extreme thinness (necessary for pasta).
Best for: Pasta, very thin crusts.
Don’t use for: The grind is too fine for successful bread.
Nut Flours
Made simply from pulverized nuts, these are easy to DIY with a food processor. They can be very powdery, and, of course, contain no gluten. Most common is almond flour, also known as “almond meal.”
Best for: Combining with gluten-containing flours and/or wet ingredients—think cookies and tarts.
Don’t use for: Breads.
Nut Flours
Made simply from pulverized nuts, these are easy to DIY with a food processor. They can be very powdery, and, of course, contain no gluten. Most common is almond flour, also known as “almond meal.”
Best for: Combining with gluten-containing flours and/or wet ingredients—think cookies and tarts.
Don’t use for: Breads.
Rice flour
Rice flour has a granular, coarse texture and is gluten-free. Combine it with softer, finer oat flour for a more malleable dough.
Best for: Sponge cakes, noodles, fritters, and tempura batters.
Rice flour
Rice flour has a granular, coarse texture and is gluten-free. Combine it with softer, finer oat flour for a more malleable dough.
Best for: Sponge cakes, noodles, fritters, and tempura batters.
Alterna-Flours
Although there are dozens of alternative flours available, we’ll focus here on the most common. When experimenting with new or unfamiliar flours, use tested recipes for the best result.
Alterna-Flours
Although there are dozens of alternative flours available, we’ll focus here on the most common. When experimenting with new or unfamiliar flours, use tested recipes for the best result.
